In March 2002, the school district superintendent and the Haute-Saône Health Education Committee established a multidisciplinary working group bringing together school health services, maternal and child health services, and the Franche-Comté Regional Health Observatory. The working group set itself the goal of developing targeted initiatives focused on snacks and afternoon treats consumed in school settings. The first step, entrusted to the ORS, was to conduct a departmental assessment of these meals. The aim was to understand current practices in preschool and elementary schools and to compare them with general nutritional principles as identified through a literature review of the main published recommendations. This article presents the main findings of this study regarding preschools.