Introduction: Opposition to vaccination has always existed, but it involves only a minority of people. In recent years, however, there has been a growing sense of reluctance stemming from fears of side effects and doubts about the effectiveness of certain vaccines. In France, this phenomenon has been particularly noticeable since the hepatitis B vaccination campaign. We sought to analyze the situation based on studies conducted by the National Institute for Prevention and Health Education (INPES) to better understand the attitudes of healthcare professionals and the general public toward vaccination. Key Findings: While the majority of French people appear convinced of the benefits of vaccination from a historical perspective, they have many questions about its current safety and effectiveness. Outlook: To prevent this situation from becoming further destabilized, efforts are needed to raise awareness among doctors and patients regarding the societal challenges associated with controlling vaccine-preventable diseases. [author’s abstract]