Introduction: First introduced in 2004, e-cigarettes are used by millions of people worldwide, including many smokers, as an aid to smoking cessation. However, their role in tobacco control is controversial due to a lack of studies to inform the public health debate surrounding them. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the student population at the Villejean campus in Rennes was conducted in April 2014. The main objectives were to estimate the proportion of users among the student population and to assess the impact of “vaping” on tobacco use. A multivariate analysis identified the main factors associated with regular vaping. Results: Surveyors interviewed 1,362 students (6.9% of the campus population). The proportion of students who have tried e-cigarettes is estimated at 35.3% [32.8%; 37.9%], with 5.7% [4.5%; 7.0%] being regular vapers. Multivariate analysis shows that being a “daily smoker” (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) 11.8 [95% CI: 5.3–26.5]), believing that e-cigarettes are a good means of smoking cessation (PR 4.29 [95% CI: 1.69–10.91]), and believing that e-cigarettes are more economical (OR 2.44 [95% CI: 1.01–5.91]) are the main factors associated with regular vaping. Among regular vapers, 68% reported having reduced their tobacco use, and 24% reported having quit. Conclusion: Although based on self-reports, this study assesses the use and potential impact of e-cigarettes on tobacco reduction and cessation among students. These results highlight the urgent need for large-scale clinical studies to accurately measure the health impact of this phenomenon.