In recent years, recognizing the threat that tobacco use poses to public health, many countries around the world have strengthened their tobacco control policies. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the first international treaty on health, has been ratified by more than 150 countries, including France. The FCTC identifies areas of action for tobacco control and the resulting measures to be implemented by the Parties: strengthening health warnings, protecting against exposure to tobacco smoke, banning and restricting advertising, promotion, and sponsorship, and increasing taxes. A rigorous and detailed evaluation of these measures is essential to ensure that the Convention’s primary objective—reducing the global burden of tobacco—is achieved. The “International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project” (ITC Project) is a collaborative research initiative among various countries to conduct this rigorous evaluation. The ITC Project conducts prospective cohort surveys of representative samples of smokers in 15 countries that account for half of the world’s smoking population. The ITC France survey is a monitoring and evaluation system for tobacco control initiatives in France, including the two phases of the ban on smoking in public places. This article presents a selection of results from the first wave (2006) of the ITC France survey in three areas: smoking behavior and cessation, tobacco use regulations in workplaces and public places, and health warnings. Comparative analyses with various European countries are presented. The results suggest a favorable environment for implementing the smoking ban in public places in France, as well as potential positive impacts from the future inclusion of graphic health warnings on cigarette packages. The results also highlight certain challenges in tobacco control in France, such as increasing the involvement of healthcare professionals in helping smokers quit.[author’s abstract]