The area surrounding the Étang de Berre is a densely populated region where numerous industrial facilities have been established for over 50 years. The Fos-Étang de Berre area is thus the largest industrial zone in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA) region, comprising a major petrochemical and steel complex spread across several sites. These industries emit numerous air pollutants, making it one of the most polluted areas in France, despite the implementation of increasingly stringent standards and technical advances made by manufacturers that have led to a reduction in emissions over the past 20 years. These pollutant emissions have raised numerous questions among the public, elected officials, and medical associations, whose primary concern is to understand the effects of industrial air pollution on residents’ health. (R.A.)