The health impact of airports is a topical issue, and assessing it requires taking into account all activities within airport zones. People living in these zones and their surrounding areas are exposed to emissions from air and road traffic, odors, noise, and more. It is important to understand the extent to which these factors may affect their health and quality of life. The few published epidemiological studies are presented in this issue of Extrapol, with the exception of those concerning flight crew. These studies do not allow for an assessment of the health impact of air pollution linked to airport activities. To do so, it would first be necessary to estimate the exposure of the affected populations, which remains the weak point of all these studies. It would also be advisable to investigate any specific characteristics of emissions linked to air traffic.