Introduction: A simplified five-color (5-C) nutritional information system, based on the UK Food Standards Agency’s food score, has been proposed as part of France’s new public health nutrition recommendations. The objective of this study was to test, among a sample of the French population, three logo formats with five color levels in order to identify the most effective in terms of comprehension, perception, and potential impact on consumers and brand image. Materials and methods: A sample of 3,000 people aged 15 to 86, weighted to reflect the characteristics of the French population, completed an online questionnaire from September 23 to October 5, 2015. Within this sample, each person was exposed to one and only one logo format selected at random from among the three; each logo format was thus viewed by 1,000 participants. Participants were asked about their understanding and perception of the logo, as well as its potential impact on behavior and brand image. Results: Among those who reported reading the nutritional information on packaging at least “sometimes” (92%), fewer than half (41%) considered it easy to understand. Among the three logo formats tested, one logo achieved significantly higher results than the other two in terms of objective comprehension, perceived usefulness, acceptance of its presence on packaging, assistance to consumers in their food purchases, and intention to consider it when choosing food products. Furthermore, it achieved significantly higher results than one of the other two logos in terms of overall appreciation, perception of its shape and color gradient, assistance in limiting less healthy food products, ability to encourage reflection on the nutritional quality of purchased foods, and willingness to buy a brand that chooses to display it on its packaging. Discussion Conclusion: While one of the three logos tested proved to be more effective at representing the 5-C system, further studies using different methodologies are still needed to compare the potential impact of these logos on highly vulnerable populations. In the longer term, if this logo is adopted, it will also be important to evaluate its impact on consumer purchasing behavior in real-world conditions.