To increase the uptake of Chlamydia trachomatis testing among young people, INPES piloted an online program offering home delivery of self-collection kits. A randomized controlled trial comparing referral to traditional screening facilities with the offer of a home self-collection kit was conducted from September 3 to October 14, 2012. The primary outcome measure was the screening uptake rate in each arm. 11,075 sexually active young people aged 18–24 residing in mainland France were included. Screening rates were 8.6% in the control arm and 29.2% in the intervention arm. The intervention significantly increased screening uptake (aRR=3.4; CI [3.1–3.8]) across all population groups, except among those born in the Maghreb (RR=1.2; CI [0.3–4.3]). The impact of the intervention was greater among men than among women. Sending a home self-collection kit is effective in encouraging the target population to undergo screening and helps reduce geographic inequalities in access to screening. It can be viewed as a means of expanding the traditional system or as a catch-up strategy given the high prevalence. [author’s abstract]