In mainland France, the estimated number of new cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 2018 was 3,428, corresponding to a global population-standardized incidence rate of 3.1 per 100,000 person-years among men and 2.3 among women. Key points: Poor prognosis with a 5-year age-standardized net survival rate of 27% for individuals diagnosed between 2010 and 2015; Significant disparity in 5-year net survival rates based on age at diagnosis: ranging from 69% at age 30 to 6% at age 80; Between 1990 and 2015: 1) steady improvement in standardized net survival (at 1, 5, and 10 years); 2) more marked improvement among younger individuals: +30 percentage points in 5-year net survival among those aged 40 at diagnosis and +5 points among those aged 80; Among those under 60 years of age, excess mortality is low after 5 years of follow-up, and after 10 years of follow-up for those over 60.