The Health Barometers were established in the early 1990s. Since the first edition, these epidemiological surveillance surveys have made it possible to track the main behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions related to risk-taking and the health status of the population residing in metropolitan France: smoking, alcohol use and use of other drugs, vaccination practices, sexual behavior, cancer screening, physical activity, nutrition, quality of life, sleep, accidents, pain, healthcare utilization, mental health... They enable both the study of the determinants of these various themes and the consideration of these themes themselves as determinants of the population’s health status. In this respect, they are highly useful tools for the implementation of public health initiatives as well as for their evaluation. By their very nature, the Health Barometers are designed to be repeated over time, using the same methodology and the same questionnaire, in order to track changes in key health-related behaviors and attitudes. It is this commitment to methodological consistency that has guided the use of telephone surveys since the first Health Barometer, even though recent developments in telecommunications in France have led to significant adjustments, which are described in detail in this document. Thus, the 2010 Health Barometer was designed with the aim of refining certain methodological elements to enhance their relevance.