Little is known about the use of antifungal agents (AF) in hospitals in France. In 2001 and 2006, two national prevalence surveys (ENP) of nosocomial infections (NI) documented the prescribing of anti-infective agents (AI), including AF. These surveys collected standardized data on the characteristics of healthcare facilities (HFs), departments, and patients, as well as systemic AI treatments and their indications (NI, community-acquired infection, prophylaxis). In 2006, 2,337 HCFs participated, including 358,353 patients, of whom 2,766 (0.77%) received AF treatment for a total of 2,850 molecules. By specialty, the prevalence of patients on AF (PPAF) was highest in hematology (18.8%) and intensive care (6.2%). The four most commonly prescribed antifungal agents were fluconazole (60%), amphotericin B (19%), voriconazole (7%), and caspofungin (5%). Compared to all surveyed patients, patients treated with AF were more often male (52.8% vs. 43.6%), immunocompromised (46.5% vs. 9.5%), had a MacCabe score of 2 (30% vs. 7.9%), or had an invasive device (63.4% vs. 24%). Among the 1,351 healthcare facilities that participated in both surveys, the AFPP, across all indications, remained stable from 2001 to 2006 (0.85% vs. 0.86%). The AFPP remained low in France in 2006, but should be the subject of prospective studies to better characterize it. (R.A.)