The author highlights the evolution of public communication regarding AIDS, driven not only by therapeutic advances but also by its objectives. A review of the past decade reveals that, across European countries, knowledge of transmission routes and prevention methods is fairly consistent, as are reported and actual protective behaviors—specifically in Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and France. There is also a sense of saturation regarding public communication campaigns. The difficulty of reaching specific target groups (young people, gay adults who do not identify as such, drug users, bisexuals) and especially those who fall outside the reach of traditional media (migrants, socially excluded individuals) requires a more targeted approach to information and going beyond the promotion of condom use to address issues related to STIs and behaviors in sexual and relational life.