Introduction - In July 2010, an outbreak of scabies affecting several summer camps at a campground in the Landes region was reported to health authorities. Investigations were conducted to verify the report and describe the outbreak. Methods - Cases of pruritus were identified among all individuals participating in the camp’s summer camps during the summer. During a site visit, a descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among those present, along with an environmental investigation. Other data sources were consulted to assess the local health context. Results - A total of 62 cases of pruritus were identified, representing an attack rate of 31%. In nearly half of the cases (48%), symptoms appeared within 24 hours of arrival at the campground. The rashes were characterized by papules distributed over the entire body, including the back, without interdigital lesions. The cases had not been in contact prior to their stays and did not share any bedding. The environmental investigation revealed the presence of nests of processionary caterpillars (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in the pine trees under which the summer camps were set up. Conclusion - The scabies outbreak was thus ruled out, and management measures were quickly implemented to limit exposure to caterpillar hairs at the campground, which were the cause of the pruritus cases. This episode underscores the need to verify the signs before implementing any management measures. (R.A.)