In July 2007, the mandatory BCG vaccination requirement was replaced by a strong recommendation to vaccinate children most at risk of tuberculosis. We conducted a survey to estimate BCG vaccination coverage (VC) among children followed at maternal and child health centers (PMI) who were born after the mandatory vaccination requirement was lifted, for whom a vaccination recommendation exists. This is a national survey conducted in metropolitan France in which children were selected by random sampling (two-stage in the Île-de-France (IDF) region, three-stage outside the IDF region), stratified by subregion and by two age groups. Due to the specific vaccination policy and the particularly high incidence in this region, the sample size was calculated to allow for a separate analysis in IDF. Children were recruited as they presented for their medical visit. Information was collected by the consulting physician using a structured questionnaire. The BCG vaccination coverage was 89.8% (81.4–94.7) in the IDF and 61.7% (53.8–69.0) outside the IDF. In the IDF, vaccination coverage among children with a vaccination criterion other than residing in the IDF was 92.4%. Outside the IDF, children were vaccinated later on average than in the IDF. In both areas, children aged 2–12 months were vaccinated earlier than children older than 12 months. This survey showed that BCG vaccination coverage is high but not optimal in the IDF and insufficient outside the IDF, where children are vaccinated too late. Continued efforts to disseminate vaccination recommendations and improved practical training for physicians in administering the intradermal BCG vaccine could facilitate the implementation of this new BCG vaccination policy. (R.A.)