To assist in assessing the health effects of air quality within the framework of the Regional Air Quality Plans (PRQA), the Institute for Public Health Surveillance published a methodological guide in 1999 for conducting Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) of urban air pollution. However, following the 2000 release of the tri-national HIA covering Austria - France - Switzerland, which assessed the long-term impact on mortality, the publication of articles on the respective advantages and limitations of short- and long-term HIAs on mortality, and the WHO recommendations issued in November 2000 on this topic led public health professionals to consider long-term HIAs on mortality at the local level. Furthermore, in various local contexts, both short-term and long-term HIA projects examining the effects of urban air pollution on mortality and/or ambulatory indicators are being considered. This document, which serves as a preparatory step toward a fully updated version of the previous guide, presents in its first part the main recommendations that can be made today for conducting short-term and long-term HIA at the local level, taking into account the evolution of knowledge. The second part contains the user manual for the new EIS-PA spreadsheet (downloadable from the InVS website), which facilitates the practical implementation of an EIS. Intended for public health professionals already familiar with the method, this document does not cover the entire EIS process but details the changes in the various elements necessary for its implementation. (R.A.)