Between July 1999 and December 2003, the clinical management of individuals exposed to HIV was the subject of a national evaluation, coordinated by the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, with the aim of describing the sociodemographic characteristics of individuals seeking medical care following HIV exposure, to analyze the type of prophylaxis prescribed, to assess its toxicity, and to evaluate its effectiveness through serological follow-up of exposed individuals. This article presents the main results of this evaluation, conducted over more than four years, and analyzes the impact of the April 2003 recommendations on medical prescriptions.