In Quebec, the Public Health Ethics Committee (Cesp) conducts ethical reviews of public health surveillance plans and, more broadly, issues opinions on all areas of public health. In recent months, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the weaknesses of the healthcare system and, above all, its limitations regarding its ability to protect the most vulnerable individuals. Public health ethics aims to examine how, once these weaknesses have been identified, measures that are more sensitive to ethical considerations can be proposed, with the ultimate goal of developing fairer and more equitable solutions for everyone.