Introduction – Teachers serve as role models for students, making their adherence to public health measures a matter of public health. The objective of this study was to examine their practices in France during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to those of other employees, taking into account the potential interaction with gender. Methods – Within the Constances cohort, we compared teachers (N=5,699) to other intermediate-level occupations, managers, and professionals (N=6,570) participating in the Sapris module (Health, Practices, Relationships, and Social Inequalities in the General Population During the COVID-19 Crisis), based on three indicators of preventive practices: handwashing, mask-wearing, and COVID-19 vaccination. We assessed differences using modified Poisson regressions adjusted for various sociodemographic and health factors. Since a formal interaction effect between gender and the status of being a teacher versus other employees was observed for handwashing and COVID-19 vaccination, the results were stratified by gender. Results – Compliance rates for the health measures studied exceeded 79% in the occupational groups considered and were very slightly higher among teachers than among other employees. In the stratified and multivariable analyses, compared with other employees of the same gender, male teachers were slightly more likely to wear a mask (relative risk, RR = 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI: [1.01–1.04]; p = 0.006) and to have received one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (RR = 1.05 [1.02–1.08], p < 0.001). Among women, the differences between teachers and other female employees were not significant for any indicator. Discussion – This study does not support a clear distinction between teachers and other employees with similar socio-professional characteristics, but it highlights gender differences in the adoption of health measures. Given their close relationship with young people, providing ongoing support to teachers in the area of prevention must remain a public health priority.